Historical Figure Wednesday: Fernando Pessoa

      Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! On today's edition of Historical Figure Wednesday, we'll be taking a look at the life and accomplishments of Fernando Pessoa, a Portuguese poet. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dove straight into it. 

     Pessoa was born un June 13th, 1888 in Lisbon, Portugal. He was barely five years old when his father died and his mother remarried about a year and a half later. Pessoa attended an English school in Durban, where he remained with his family until he was seventeen years old. He began studying at the University of Lisbon but dropped out after only eight months. 

     Pessoa continued to bounce around different jobs for several years, earning his keep by translating, writing avant-garde reviews, and drafting business letters in both English and French. Only in 1914 did he really begin his career in poetry. The majority of Pessoa's poems ended up in some form of literary journal or magazine. In 1918, he published his first collection of English poems, titled Antinous, followed by Sonnets, and later English Poems. He only released a single book of Portuguese poems, called Mensagem.

     It wouldn't be until much later, after Pessoa's death, that his work would amass a huge readership around the world. He passed away due to liver cirrhosis.

     Fun Facts:

• Pessoa had many alter egos, which he called heteronyms. 
• These strange alter egos were very popular for writers during this time period.
• He took these alter egos very seriously too, going so far as to create entire identities for them.

     Fernando Pessoa: 

     

     Sources: https://poets.org/poet/fernando-pessoa

Innovative Tuesday: The Invention of the Refrigerated Truck

      Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! On today's edition of Innovative Tuesday, we'll be taking a look at the refrigerated truck, an overlooked invention that is taken for granted daily. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it! 

     Frederick McKinley Jones is the inventor of the first refrigeration unit. He also invented the first portable refrigeration unit. With his innovations, we were now able to move perishable produce across vast oceans and huge swathes of land. But how did it all begin? When did we realize we needed a portable refrigeration unit? We'll be discussing this further. 

     Jones gained his expertise through many different trades, beginning at a very young age. By the time he was fourteen, he already knew a lot about automobiles and was a naturally skilled mechanic. He continued to educate himself and read up on material that contributed towards his mechanical ability and innovative mind.

     Jones was a voracious learner, always looking for more material on electronics and mechanically powered machines. It wasn't until 1938 that he would invent the first portable air-cooling unit that was to be used on trucks carrying various perishable goods. He was granted a patent in 1940 for his mechanism and Joseph A. Numero decided to sell his cinema sound equipment firm to go into business with Jones. Within about a decade the business was bringing in millions of dollars after the introduction of refrigerated trucks. 

     This invention was especially popular during World War II. They were used to transport perishable goods across battlefields to hospitals and other such locations. Today, refrigerated trucks are mainly used to transfer produce to the grocery store. Jones passed away in Minneapolis in 1961 after a lengthy battle with cancer/

     Fun Facts:

• Jones was a forefather to many portable items we know today. He made a portable X-ray machine, audio/sound equipment, and motors.
• It is estimated Jones earned sixty-one patents in his lifetime. 
• Jones was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2007.

     Frederick McKinley Jones: 

     

     Sources: https://atctruckrefrigeration.com/inventor-of-refrigeration-units/#:~:text=Frederick%20McKinley%20Jones%20is%20the,food%2C%20and%20other%20perishable%20goods.

Misfortunate Monday: Hurricane Maria - Reduced Time Mode

      Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! On today's edition of Misfortunate Monday, we'll be taking a brief look at Hurricane Maria, a deadly hurricane. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

     Hurricane Maria was a devastating Category 5 hurricane that affected the regions of Dominica, St. Croix, and Puerto Rico in September of 2017. It is oftentimes regarded as the worst natural disaster to ever strike the area since Hurricane Jeanne in the year 2004. It shattered many records, including being the most powerful hurricane of the 2017 storm season. It also ranks tenth on a list of most intense Atlantic hurricanes ever.

     The aftermath of such a storm was great, especially for the area. Total losses are estimated at nearly $100 billion, making it the third costliest tropical storm ever. 

     Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Maria

Combination Post: Silly Saturday Facts Collection No. 47 + Wacky Border Sunday: Lake Constance

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! Today we'll be doing another combination post because I, unfortunately, forgot to post yesterday. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

     Silly Saturday:

• The inventor of the television did not allow his own children to watch television.
• British Top Gear is the most-watched television show ever, with an estimated 350 million viewers weekly in 170 countries.
• Queen Elizabeth II has her own YouTube channel.

     Wacky Border Sunday: 

     

     The borders of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland all meet at this small lake, only to dissolve once they reach the water. This has caused many small, local disputes over fishing rights and boat licensing.

     Sources: https://www.kaplaninternational.com/blog/fun-facts-about-television

     https://www.mirror.co.uk/travel/news/worlds-top-10-strangest-borders-11762438

Historical Figure Wednesday: Napoleon Bonaparte

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! On today's installment of Historical Figure Wednesday, we'll be taking a look at the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, a fierce military leader. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive right into it, shall we?

     Napoleon Bonaparte, also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on the island of Corsica, Bonaparte quickly ascended through the military ranks before seizing political power in France. Shortly after, he crowned himself emperor in 1804. Shrewd, ambitious, and a skilled military strategist, Napoleon successfully waged war against various coalitions of European nations and expanded his empire. But this would soon come to an end. 

     He suffered a disastrous defeat while attempting to invade Russia in the year 1812. This led to Napoleon abdicating the throne only for him to return two years later. In 1815, he led his forces into the Battle of Waterloo, only to suffer another crushing defeat and abdicate the throne again. He was exiled to the island of Saint Helena, where he died at 51.

     Fun Facts:

• Napoleon once wrote a romance novel.
• Napoleon's wife was very close to being executed but ended up not getting the guillotine.
• He was also tone-deaf.

     Napoleon Bonaparte: 

     

     Sources: https://www.history.com/topics/france/napoleon#:~:text=Napoleon%20Bonaparte%20(1769%2D1821),Revolution%20(1789%2D1799).

     https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-napoleon/

     

Innovative Tuesday: The Invention of the Smartphone

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! On today's installment of Innovative Tuesday, we'll be taking a look at the invention of the smartphone, one of the most innovative mobile pieces of technology in history. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

     1992 was an eventful year. The Olympics took place in Barcelona, Bill Clinton was just elected as President, and the Cold War was finally over. But that same year, IBM unveiled the very first smartphone. Two years later, the device finally hit the shelves for a price of $1,100 each. After six months, it had only sold 50,000 units. Personal cellphones had existed since the 1970s, but the invention of the smartphone re-ignited America's passion for electronics. 

     The IBM Simon was the first smartphone, equipped with a touchscreen and a few basic programs, such as a calendar, address book, and an appointment scheduler. Many of these features would be included in many modern smartphones. It wouldn't be until the year 2001 that smartphones would link to the internet. Unfortunately, smartphones weren't cheap, having decreased to around the $300-$700 range. The cost of data was too much, so smartphones were not a mainstream device. 

     Apple entered the market in the year 2007, revealing the iPhone to an awed crowd. The specs for the time were incredible, with a massive eight hours of talk time. It was set to rival the Blackberry, another rival smartphone.

     Smartphones have progressed to almost unimaginable strengths and powers. The power of your modern smartphone would be a pipe dream back in 1992. It really goes to show the progression of the human race. 

     Fun Facts:

• iPhone turned 13 this year, 2020.
• About 3/4 of Americans own a smartphone.
• 28% of smartphone owners say they don't use any form of security on their phones.

     IBM Simon:

     

     Sources: https://simpletexting.com/where-have-we-come-since-the-first-smartphone/

     https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/06/28/10-facts-about-smartphones/

Misfortunate Monday: The Creation of Computer Viruses

     Hello everyvody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! In today's edition of Misfortunate Monday, we'll be taking a look at the creation of computer viruses and how they affect personal computers, business computers, and even government computers. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

     Computer viruses have existed for nearly as long as the existence of computers themselves. The very first experimental computer virus was created in 1971 and its only goal was to replicate itself until it effectively filled up the hard drive of the computer. It was created by BBN Technologies in the US and did not affect any other computers, save for the few test computer used to measure the effectiveness of the virus.

     The first virus that affected personal computers came about in 1986, and it was simply dubbed "Brain". The way it crippled computers was that it infected the boot sector of the floppy disk, essentially preventing the computer from booting up entirely. It was written by two brothers in Pakistan, who even included their contact information inside infected computers so they could see how far and wide their virus had spread. 

     Another virus had spawned, and it was named "Morris". It was originally a program that was intended to measure the size of the internet, but due to a program error, it spread too fast and infected 15,000  computers in a mere 15 hours., which back then was the majority of computers connected to the internet. 

     The rise of email transmitted viruses made it so easy to send viruses to other users. A famous example is a virus called "Melissa", and while it didn't do anything that directly hardmed computers, it managed to crash emails servers because of it's unique function. It would infect computers using Outlook, and hurl itself out to the top 50 people in the infected's address book. As you can imagine, a virus that can multiply to 50 times its original size was absolutely catastrophic. 

     Viruses are becoming increasingly more and more common. But with advancing software, computer viruses are easily preventable if you exercise good internet safety. Unfortunately, inexperienced computer users can still infect their computers because they don't know how to use computers properly. The elderly and children are great targets because they usually click whatever they see. Upgrade from Windows 7, I know the popups are annoying, just get Windows 10. I promise it's okay.

     Fun Facts:

• Computer virus "MyDoom" caused a massive $38 billion in damages, making it the costliest computer virus in history. 
• More than 6,000 new computer viruses are created and released every month.
• In 1990, there were only 50 known computer viruses. Now that number is estimated to be around 480,000. 

     Blue Error Screen for Windows 10:

     

     WHAT DID YOU DO TO YOUR POOR COMPUTER???

     Sources: https://www.sentrian.com.au/blog/a-short-history-of-computer-viruses#:~:text=The%20first%20computer%20virus%2C%20called,and%20was%20released%20in%201986.

     https://uk.norton.com/norton-blog/2016/02/the_8_most_famousco.html

     https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/interesting-facts-about-computer-viruses/#:~:text=More%20than%206000%20new%20computer,more%20than%2048%2C%20000%20viruses.

Wacky Border Sunday: New Pine Creek

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! On today's installment, we'll be taking a look at the small town of New Pine Creek, a town situated in both Oregon and California. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

     

     The dotted and dashed line represents the border. The southern half of the map is in California, the northern half, Oregon. This all happened due to a surveying issue back in 1868, forcing residents to carry a dual driver's license, with both Oregon and California printed on them.

     Sources: https://www.thezebra.com/stories/border-landmarks/

Silly Saturday Facts Collection No. 46

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! On today's edition of Silly Saturday, we'll be taking a look at another three fun facts. But before we get started, I have to address something. Recently, Blogger has changed its user interface, so if there are any differences or imperfections in my most, it's because they changed all the fiddly little things such as font size and other such options. Please excuse any mistakes, as they are most likely caused by the new interface. Now let's get into it!

• In 1964, the San Franciscan cable cars became the first moving National Historic Landmark.
• The Hollywood Bowl, located in California, is the largest of its kind in the United States.
• California is the birthplace of the internet.

     Sources: https://worldstrides.com/blog/2019/01/9-fun-facts-about-california/

Historical Figure Wednesday: Bill Gates

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! On today's installment of Historical Figure Wednesday, we'll be discussing the life of Bill Gates, the biggest figure in the world of technology. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

     Entrepreneur and businessman Bill gates, along with Paul Allen, founded Microsoft, the largest software. Through sheer technological advancements, clever business strategies, and aggressive growth tactics, he was able to grow Microsoft to the single largest software company ever created. In February of 2014, Gates announced that he was stepping down from his position as chairman to focus on his charity.

     Bill Gates (William Henry Gates III) was born on October 28th, 1955, in Seattle, Washington to a wealthy family with sisters Kristianne and Libby. The atmosphere of the Gates family was warm and inviting, and both Gates' mother and father pushed their children to strive for excellence and taught them to be competitive. Gates did very well in school, but he seemed bored during classes. He was a voracious reader and spent many hours poring over reference books such as the encyclopedia.

     Gates graduated school and boasted 1590 out of 1600 on the SAT, a feat he boasted about for years to come, and rightfully so. He attended Harvard University, but much to the dismay of his parents, dropped out to pursue his dream of making Microsoft a success. When he was in university, he spent more hours inside the computer lab than in class, rarely slept, but managed to pass tests with reasonable marks.

     His work paid off. Before long, his company was competing with the likes of Apple, IBM, and Intel. Soon, IBM approached Microsoft, asking if they were capable of creating the required software. Although young, Gates managed to convince IBM that he was the man for the job. By 1983, it was estimated 30% of computers ran on Microsoft software.

     Gates accomplished a lot during his time at Microsoft. Windows 10 serves as a reminder that the company he created is still going strong today.

     Bill Gates:
     
     Sources: https://www.biography.com/business-figure/bill-gates#citation

Innovative Tuesday: The Invention of the Loom

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! On today's installment of Innovative Tuesday, we'll be taking a look at the loom, one of the more important inventions regarding the progression of the modern world. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

     Looms and weaving are nothing new. In fact, the art of weaving dates back thousands of years; the oldest loom dating back to 5th-millennium B.C.E. It consisted of bars or beams fixed in place to form a frame to hold a number of parallel threads in two sets, alternating with each other. This process allowed a rough fabric to be created. The basic function and operation of the loom remained the same for many years.

     Many advancements in the components of the loom would happen years later, and they fundamentally changed the way they operated. A loom, most probably invented in Asia, was optimized for the weaving of silk. It was made possible by creating a mechanism that weaved more intricate patterns. It was only mechanized in the 18th century in France, where the process became more efficient.

     Looms continued to get more and more mechanical, so as to reduce the number of workers required in the factory and to reduce the number of imperfections in the fabric. Nowadays, looms are completely automated and can be commanded remotely. Garments are churned out at a fabulous rate. Thousands of articles of clothing fly off the production line, ready to be purchased by the consumer.

     Fun Facts:

• The first power loom was designed in 1784 by Edmund Cartwright.
• Cartwright's design was later perfected by William Horrocks. 
• By 1850, 250,000 of Cartwright's inventions were in use all around the world.

     An old mechanical loom:

     

     Sources: https://www.britannica.com/technology/loom

Misfortunate Monday: Mass Suicide at Jonestown

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home. Firstly, I'd like to apologize for missing several days in my schedule. I was busy working on schoolwork and homework, among other things. But I am back and refreshed, so let's begin the week! Today we'll be taking a look at the mass suicide at Jonestown, a tragedy unlike any other.

     On November 18th, 1978, Peoples Temple founder, Jim Jones leads hundreds of his followers in a mass murder-suicide at their agricultural commune in a remote part of the South American nation of Guyana. The majority of Jones' followers willingly ingested the deadly, poison-laced cocktail. The minority was forced to do so at gunpoint. The final death toll that day was 909, a third of which were children.

     Jones was an outgoing, charming churchman who established the People's Temple, a Christian religious group, in Indianapolis in the 1950s. He was your typical preacher, preaching against racism and other such topics. His integrated congregation drew in many African Americans. In 1965, he moved his base of operations to Northern California. In the 1970s, his church was accused of financial fraud, physical abuse of its members, and the mistreatment of children. In response to the accusations, the increasingly paranoid Jones invited his congregation to move with him to Guyana.

     Jones had promised all his followers a utopia, but it wasn't even close to what his followers had dreamed of. Temple members worked long days in the field and were punished if they questioned Jones' authority. Their passports were confiscated, their letters home were censored, were encouraged to snitch on one another, and were forced to attend lengthy, late-night meetings. meetings.

     Jones' mental health was declining, and that was when the suicide drills began. Only one day, it wouldn't be a drill.

     Fast Facts:

• Children were the first to die, with nurses and parents dropping a vile mix of cyanide, sedatives, and powdered fruit mix into their throats. 
• Adults were forced to line up and drink the concoction in the main pavilion while they were surrounded by armed guards. 
• Residents did manage to escape into the jungle.

     !!!WARNING!!!

THE FOLLOWING IMAGE MAY BE CONSIDERED DISTURBING TO SOME VIEWERS. PLEASE PROCEED WITH CAUTION!!!

     Sources: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mass-suicide-at-jonestown

Schedule Changes

     Hello everybody! After some thought,  have decided my schedule will more or less remain the same. For a while, I was considering making posts every day, but that’s a bit too much for me, especially with school. Scheduled posts will continue as normal and will resume tomorror, September 14th, 2020. Thanks for being so understanding. 

Warm regards,

Mr. Nations. 

Innovative Tuesday: The Invention of the Home Video Game Console

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home. In today's edition of Innovative Tuesday, we'll be taking a look at the invention of the home video game console. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

     A video game console is defined as an electronic device or computer that projects images onto a television screen or a computer monitor. The console receives input from the user that command what happens on-screen via a controller or remote. Most video games released for gaming consoles typically involve a person to be controlled or something similar, such as a car. Video game consoles have evolved greatly over the years, so let's take a look at some of them.

     The first video game console was released in the 1970s, developed by Ralph H. Baer. It was called the Magnavox Odyssey and only had one game that was able to be played, Pong. For a while, game consoles were developed to only play a few games, usually very simple games like Pong or virtual volleyball. These were called dedicated consoles. It would be a while before consoles would advance to the point of being able to play many games.

     For much of the console industry's history, there have only been a few main manufacturers of video game consoles. The current world leaders are Microsoft with their Xbox, Nintendo with their handheld consoles and Wii, and Sony with their Playstation series of consoles. All devices have their strong points, and each brand caters to a different spectrum.

     Consoles are headed in a good direction, with Microsoft releasing their Xbox Series X and Series S, and Sony releasing the Playstation 5. I hope the industry continues on this trajectory.

     Fun Facts: 

• The Sega Dreamcast was the first console to implement online play over a phone line, calling the system Sega Net.
• The Playstation 2 was the first video game console to have better graphics than the leading-edge PC of the time.
• The Playstation 2 was also the first console to utilize DVD technology.

     Magnavox Odyssey:

     

     Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_console

     https://www.hongkiat.com/blog/evolution-of-home-video-game-consoles-1967-2011/

     https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/video-game6.htm

Schedule Restructuring

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another post! As you can tell from my title, I am considering restructuring my schedule. I've been doing the same schedule for quite a while now, so I think a change may be near. This is all, of course, just considerations. Please share your thoughts and questions in the comment section.

     Regards,

     Mr. Nations

Misfortunate Monday: The Banqiao Dam Failure

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! On today's edition of Misfortunate Monday, we'll be taking a look at the failure of the Banqiao Dam, along with dozens of other dams. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

     The 1975 Banqiao Dam collapse was the collapse of sixty-two dams including the Banqiao Dam, the largest dam in Henan, China. The dams collapsed due to the enormous Typhoon Nina of 1975. The collapses resulted in the third deadliest flood in history which affected a total of 10.15 million people and severely overwhelmed around thirty cities and counties, impacting a total of around 3 million acres.

     Oddly enough, the dams that collapsed were built with the help of experts from the Soviet Union. The construction of the dams emphasized the goal of retaining water and overlooked their capacities to handle floods. It didn't help that the quality of the dams was compromised during the Great Leap Forward in China. Experts also note that the Great Leap Forward severely damaged the surrounding ecosystem and forests in the region.

     It is thought that the government's response to the crisis was in direct correlation with the death toll and the structures and buildings destroyed. In 2005, the Banqiao Dam Failure was rated No. 1 in "The Ultimate 10 Technological Disasters" of the world by the Discovery Channel.

     Fun Facts: 

• 6.8 million homes were destroyed during the disaster.
• The Banqiao Dam Failure was rated above the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster in terms of deadliness.
• Engineer Chen Xing raised concerns about the quality of the dams, but he was ignored. 

     Banqiao Dam Failure:

     

     Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Banqiao_Dam_failure

Wacky Border Sunday: The Khunderaj Pass - Pakistan & China

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! Today on Wacky Border Sunday, we'll be taking a look at the border of  Pakistan and China. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's see the picture!

     
     While at first glance it may not look odd, but this stretch of road holds many titles. It is the highest paved international highway in the world, sitting at nearly 15,400 above sea level. It is also the highest point of the Karakoram Highway.

     Sources: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/explore-some-of-the-worlds-weirdest-border-crossings-180957888/ 

Silly Saturday Facts Collection No. 45

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home. On today's edition of Silly Saturday, we'll be taking a look at another three fun facts! Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

• The first computer, called ENIAC, weighed more than 27 tons and took up 1,800 square feet.
• HP, Apple, and Microsoft all have one thing in common. They all started in a garage. 
• The password for the computer controls of nuclear-tipped missiles of the U.S. was 00000000 for eight years. 

     Sources: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/10-interesting-facts-about-computers/

Historical Figure Wednesday: Steve Jobs

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home! On today's installment of Historical Figure Wednesday, we'll be taking a look at the life of Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

     Steve Jobs was born in 1955 to two University of Wisconsin graduates who gave him up for adoption. Jobs was intelligent but directionless. He ended up dropping out of college and experimenting with different career paths before finally co-founding Apple with Steve Wozniak in 1976. Jobs left the company in 1985 to found Pixar Animation Studios, before returning to Apple more than a decade later. He died of pancreatic cancer in 2011.

     Jobs loved technology as a child, often working with his father in the garage learning how to take apart and reconstruct electronics, a hobby that instilled confidence and mechanical skill in young Jobs. This would later prove to be very helpful to Jobs because the skills he learned at a young age would come in handy when he founded Apple.

     While Jobs was an innovative thinker, he often felt frustrated whilst attending school in a standard education environment. He was often seen as a prankster and acted out frequently because he was bored in his classes. Jobs scored so high on tests that he was recommended to skip all the way to high school, a proposal his parents declined.

     Jobs went on to run the company for many years before he died, handing the reigns over to Tim Cook.

     Fun Facts:

• Jobs' last words were "OH WOW. OH WOW. OH WOW."
• Instead of treating his pancreatic cancer, he opted to go with more "natural" healing methods. This was a major factor in his death.
• Jobs chose to disclose little about his health, so as to not worry Apple employees and shareholders.

     Steve Jobs: 

     

     Sources: https://www.biography.com/business-figure/steve-jobs

Innovative Tuesday: The Invention of the Satellite

     Hello everybody and welcome back to another edition of Global History Hub! I'll be your host, Mr. Nations, your tour guide to this massive world we all call home. In today's edition of Innovative Tuesday, we'll be taking a look at the invention of satellites. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's dive straight into it!

     Natural satellites have been around for centuries, but they aren't really satellites at all. They're really moons that orbit around the planet that we are able to track all the way from Earth. Almost every planet has at least one satellite orbiting around it at all times. It wasn't until the mid 20th century did we begin to send artificial satellites to space.

     The very first artificial satellite was Sputnik, the tiny beach-ball sized probe launched into space by Russia that lifted off back in 1957. This shocked much of the Western world as they thought that the Russians did not have the hardware available to send an object to space. Following that feat, the Russians sent another probe into space called the Sputnik 2. This ship carried a dog, named Laika.

     The first American Satellite was called the Explorer 1. It was only 2% of the mass of the Sputnik, weighing in at only thirty lbs. Once people began to realize the power satellites truly had, advancements in satellite research sped up drastically. The Russians once again beat the Americans to the punch by constructing the world's first space station.

     Soon other nations began to realize the benefits of having satellites. The weather could be predicted more accurately, telecommunications could improve in efficiency, and live television could be broadcasted across the world with only a few seconds delay. Satellites brought about an era of efficiency that the modern world relies heavily on today.

     Sputnik 1:
     
     Sources: https://www.space.com/24839-satellites.html